Open letter

An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Especially common are critical open letters addressed to political leaders.

Currently there are very few sites solely specialising in publishing open letters. However, there are community sites where visitors can publish their own letters and promote them to a wider audience. Sociological or historical research on open letters are also not found, although sociologists, anthropologists and historians have written open letters. Letters patent are another form of open letter in which a legal document is both mailed to a person by the government and publicized so that all are made aware of it. Open letters can also be addressed directly to a group rather than any individual.

Motivations for writing
There are a number of reasons why an individual would choose the form of an open letter, including the following reasons:
 * As a last resort to ask the public to judge the letter's recipient or others involved, often but not always, in a critical light
 * To state the author's position on a particular issue
 * As an attempt to start or end a wider dialogue around an issue
 * As an attempt to focus broad attention on the letter's recipient, prompting them to some action
 * For humor value
 * Simply to make public a communication that must take place as a letter for reasons of formality

Examples

 * Many of the epistles of the Bible (such as the Pauline epistles) are open letters.
 * Encyclicals are by definition open letters sent by the Pope (in the Catholic Church) or a primate (in the Anglican Communion) to the bishops of the church community but also published for general consumption.
 * Most papal bulls are letters patent and therefore open letters.
 * Martin Luther published many open letters, including his Open Letter on the Harsh Book Against the Peasants
 * Farmer's letters by Samuel Seabury against the American Revolution.
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson's letter to Martin Van Buren against the Cherokee removal order (1836).
 * William Banting's Letter on Corpulence (1863).
 * Professor James Syme's calls for medical reform in 1854 and 1857, addressed to British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston.
 * Robert Louis Stevenson's open letter to Rev. Dr. Hyde in defense of Father Damien.
 * J'accuse (1898) by Émile Zola over the Dreyfus Affair.
 * Haj Amin al-Husseini may be the author of the 1920 An open answer to the open letter of A. Berline. From an Arab to the Zionists.
 * Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963),
 * Bill Gates's Open Letter to Hobbyists (1976) attacking copyright infringement in software development.
 * Rodolfo Walsh Carta Abierta a la Junta Militar (1976) where he denounced the crimes of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional dictatorship in Argentina, and for which he was murdered a day later after its publishing.
 * Audre Lorde's open letter about racism to Mary Daly (1979).
 * Gennady Zyuganov's open letter to Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev criticizing perestroika and glasnost, which were advocated by Yakovlev (1991).
 * David Cross's open letter to Larry the Cable Guy (2005).
 * Bobby Henderson's Open Letter to the Kansas School Board (2005).
 * Google's Open Letter to the net on net neutrality.
 * Steve Jobs's Thoughts on Music (2007) concerning the past and future of DRM.
 * Siegfried Sassoon's A Soldier’s Declaration, questioning the judgment of Britain's leadership in World War I.
 * Sam Harris' book Letter to a Christian Nation is written as an open letter in response to criticism he received after his previous book, The End of Faith.
 * Scholars for Peace's open letter sanctioning a historic truce and the subsequent peace talks between the Turkish state and the Kurdistan Workers Party.
 * Rob Lewis' Entrepreneur's letter to The Times warning of the dangers of a Lib-Lab coalition ahead of the 2010 UK general election.
 * Tom Wrigglesworth's Open Letters, a BBC Radio 4 stand-up comedy series taking the form of an open letter. Based on Wrigglesworth's 2009 Edinburgh Comedy Award nominated show Tom Wrigglesworth's Open Return Letter to Richard Branson.
 * Open Letters, a biweekly student publication at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design that tests the epistolary form as a device for generating conversations about architecture and design.
 * Tom Finkel's "Open Letter to Chris Rock", the cover story of the May 13–19, 2015 issue of the Village Voice, urging him to buy the Newark Bears.
 * On 10 January 2016, Scholars for Peace release another open letter, criticizing Turkish government's military intervention in Turkish Kurdistan after the truce eneded in July 2015 and labeling the intervention a "massacre" which has led to widespread "human rights violations".
 * Columnist Michael A. Cohen's open letter to Bernie Sanders.
 * An open letter in May 2017 from 830 scholars requesting the retraction of a peer-reviewed philosophy article caused controversy within that discipline. The article—published by Hypatia, the feminist philosophy journal—had argued in support of transracialism.
 * An open letter to US President Donald Trump by wife of disabled veteran.